I recently did a
video on Adventure, the legendary Atari 2600 game. You can check it out on YouTube by clicking HERE. If you prefer a deeper dive on the subject, check out
the essay below from my book, The 100 Greatest Console Video Games: 1977-1987. And if
you are really into reading about retro gaming, you can check out the sequel to
the book, which is NOW ON KICKSTARTER.
Whichever way you
go, enjoy!
Adventure
Atari 2600
Genre: Adventure
Publisher: Atari
Developer: Atari
1 player
1979
Although extremely dated in appearance, Adventure for the Atari 2600 is such an
influential and continually endearing game that I simply had to include it in
this book. Not only is it a fun game in its own right, it paved the way for
countless adventure quests to following, including such favorites as The Legend
of Zelda, Final Fantasy, and Tomb Raider.
Created by Warren Robinett, Adventure has players trying to retrieve
an enchanted chalice, which was stolen by an Evil Magician and hidden somewhere
in a labyrinthine Kingdom. Said chalice must be returned it to the Golden Castle
where it belongs. Making this task difficult are three dragons created by the
Evil Magician: Yorgle, the mean yellow dragon; Grundle, the mean and ferocious
green dragon; and Rhindle, the fastest, most ferocious dragon.
There are three castles in the Kingdom for
players to explore: Black, Gold, and White, each of which contains a gate over
its entrance that must be opened with a color-coded key. Castles are separated
by labyrinths, pathways, and rooms, and there are items scattered about these
areas that will help the player in his or her quest. In addition to keys,
players can find a bridge for passing through barriers, a magnet for moving
objects and removing stuck and out-of-reach objects, and a sword for slaying
the dragons.
Each dragon guards specific items. In
addition, there’s a pesky black bat that tries to switch out items with the
player, such as—god forbid—an enemy dragon in exchange for the fabled chalice.
Adventure offers three skill levels, the hardest and
most tantalizing of which finds the objects and dragons placed randomly within
the Kingdom. Further, when the left difficulty switch is set in the “B”
position, the dragons hesitate before they attack the player, making the
dragons a little easier to dodge.
Robinette got the idea for Adventure from a computer game, as he revealed
in an interview published on www.dadgum.com. “I played the original text
adventure, written by Don Woods and Willy Crowther, at the Stanford Artificial
Intelligence Lab in 1978,” he said. “This was while I was working on Slot Racers. Then it was time to do
another game, and I thought that doing Adventure
as a video game would be really cool.”
Creating such a game with graphics created
some “tricky problems,” as Robinette explained: “Text adventures used verbal
commands like ‘Go North’ or ‘Take Wand’ or ‘Wave Wand.’ My idea was to use the
joystick for the North/South/East/West commands, the button for picking up and
dropping objects, and touching graphical objects together on the screen for all
the other miscellaneous actions…instead of describing each room in text, I would
show it on the screen, one room at a time…driving off the edge of the screen
was the analog of ‘Go North’ or east or whatever. This allowed the game to have
a much larger playing space than a single screen, which was a big change in the
feel of a video game.”
The “character” players control in Adventure has the appearance of a simple
square, and the dragons look like ducks you might find in a shooting gallery. The
castles are comprised of squares and rectangles, and the mazes consist of the
type of crude outlines found in such early Atari titles as Slot Racers (also by Robinett) and Maze Craze. The sparse sound effects are a meager collection of
bleeps and bloops.
In
a recent interview with Chris DeLeon (hobbygamedev.com), Robinett talked about
working on Adventure and the special
challenges of programming for the 8-bit console. “The Atari 2600 has so many
limitations that it's hard to do anything” he said. “If I had more resources I
might have represented it [the graphics in Adventure]
differently, but it worked.”
When
Robinett was developing Adventure,
Atari didn’t pay royalties to programmers, nor did they publish creator
credits, as he related in High Score! The
Illustrated History of Electronic Games (Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 2002).
“When
I first went to Atari, I thought I’d died and gone to heaven,” he said. “I was
being paid to design games. But then, after about a year and a half, it started
to dawn on me that Atari was making hundreds of millions of dollars and keeping
us all anonymous. They didn’t even give you a pizza if you designed a good
game. There was no incentive at all. Nothing. That’s when I had the idea of
hiding my name in the game.”
As
any retro gamer worth his thumbs knows, Robinett created a secret room in Adventure “that could only be accessible
by selecting a single gray dot on a gray wall,” a major violation of company
policy. “I could have been fired if anyone had discovered it, so I kept it
secret for a year,” he said. “The game code would have been very easy for Atari
to change if they had known about the secret room. But after 300,000 Adventure cartridges had been made and
shipped around the world, it was too late.”
For
years, Robinett’s name in Adventure was
thought to be the first “Easter egg”—a term coined by Arnie Katz, Joyce Worley,
and Bill Kunkel of Electronic Games
magazine—in a video game. However, in 2004 a programmer and collector named
Sean Riddle found an Easter egg—programmer Bradley Reid-Selth's surname—in Videocart-20: Video Whizball (featured
in “The Next 100” appendix at the back of this book) for the Fairchild Channel
F system. Video Whizball was released
to stores in 1978.According
to Before the Crash: Early Video Game History (2012, Wayne State University Press), however, the exact historical
timeline of Easter eggs in video games is muddled. Contributor Zach Whalen
writes, “…some confusion may yet exist over which programmer deserves credit,
since Reid-Selth claims to have gotten the idea because of reports that
programmers at Atari were already doing it, and Robinett had completed at least
some of the code for Adventure as
early as 1978."
Regardless
of who invented the video game Easter egg, everyone agrees that Robinett
popularized the idea, and most everyone agrees that Adventure is a great title, despite its primitive audio/visuals.
“Rich
gameplay more than makes up for the game’s rudimentary graphics and sounds,”
said Chris Cavanaugh of The All Game Guide (formerly at allgame.com). Jeff Rovin, in The Complete Guide to Conquering Video Games (1982, Collier Books),
called the game “absorbing” and said that “if you like surprises [and] enjoy
seat-of-the-pants play mixed with ingenuity and bravado, Adventure is your cup of hemlock.”
In a review published in issue #7 (June,
1984) of the British publication, TV
Gamer, the writer said, “Adventure
is one of the most enthralling games you can buy for the Atari 2600 and any
adventure enthusiast should not be without it.”
In the “Digital Press Presents: Our 99
Favorite Classics” feature published in issue #33 (Sept./Oct., 1997) of the Digital Press fanzine, the contributors had
predictably high praise for Adventure,
calling it “a longtime favorite…arguably the most replayable adventure game
because of its random skill setting on game 3…the perfect example of the video
gaming spirit.”
In Classic Gamer Magazine #3 (Spring, 2000), Kyle
Snyder said Adventure is “both
charmingly simple and dauntingly difficult. It speaks to the inner child in all
of us. Those of us who saw it brand new when we were six were blown away at all
the things you could do. Whether you were busy searching catacombs, collecting
objects, or slaying dragons, there was so much to interact with.” (Snyder was apparently
a child prodigy—Adventure would have
confused me silly as a six-year-old.)
In Ken
Uston’s Buying and Beating the Home Video Games (1982), the noted gamer and
gambler made a prescient prediction about Adventure:
“I have a feeling that this cartridge…is going to be the wave of the future.”
With countless fantasy adventure video games
following in its wake, Adventure,
which sold more than a million copies, did nothing less than change the
industry forever. Not only did it create the fantasy adventure genre for
consoles, it predicted an industry in which “entire games would be built around
hidden surprises” (2001, The Ultimate
History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokemon--The Story Behind the Craze That
Touched Our Lives and Changed the World).
A timeless classic, Adventure has been reissued for modern systems on such compilation
discs as Atari Anthology! (2004, PS2,
Xbox) and Atari Classics: Evolved
(2007, PSP). It’s also built into Atari Flashback consoles 1-3. In
2010, Microsoft made Adventure
available as a downloadable title for the Xbox 360 Game Room service.
Atari announced a sequel to Adventure in 1982, but it devolved into
the ill-fated Swordquest series. In
2005, Curt Vendel creature a true sequel, Adventure
II, for the Atari Flashback 2 console. In 2007, AtariAge also released a
game called Adventure II, this one a
homebrew sequel for the Atari 5200. Epic
Adventure, an AtariAge homebrew for the Atari 2600, followed in 2011.
FUN FACT: Adventure is parodied in "Cannot Be Erased, So Sorry," a
2009 episode of Robot Chicken (a
stop-motion animated show produced by Seth Green).
WHY IT MADE THE LIST: “Possibly the
greatest game ever written for the Atari 2600 platform” (Time Magazine, Nov. 15, 2012), Adventure
not only created a new console gaming genre, it is still widely played today.
***If you enjoyed this write-up on Adventure, consider purchasing a copy of
The 100 Greatest Console Video Games: 1977-1987. THANKS!
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